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Racism in Native-American Literature, 2007.
This paper offers a comparison and contrast of racism and inter-racial marriage as seen in "Grass Dancer" by Susan Power and "Mean Spirit" by Linda Hogan.
983 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
The paper analyzes the racism inherent within the institution of marriage within the two novels "Grass Dancer" by Susan Power and "Mean Spirit" by Linda Hogan. The paper discusses Hogan's use of racism against Native-Americans through the marginalization of Indian culture by whites who discourage inter-racial marriages. The paper also demonstrates how Power reveals a similar aspect of the broken and racist institution of marriage through the experiences of Jeanette McVay's marriage to a Sioux man. The paper concludes that both authors provide similar, yet differing perspectives of racism within the inter-racial marriages that arise within these two Native-American fiction novels.
From the Paper
"The novel Mean Spirit by Linda Hogan reveals the intensive racism that the whites impose on the Osage people. The plot of the novel revolves around the Osage people, and their struggles against the white oil barons that are trying to remove them from their oil-rich lands. This plot premise invokes the motive for the white oilmen to find ways to discourage compassion or empathy for the native Americans within their own culture, so that they can take the oil from the Indians. One way that Hogan imposes a white hegemonic racist construct is through the institution of marriage. For instance, when a white man and Indian woman are married, Hogan reveals the symbolic and legal marginalization of interracial relationships within white culture."
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"Native Knowledge for Native Ecosystems", 2007.
A review of Robin Wall Kimmerer's article, "Native Knowledge for Native Ecosystems".
1,070 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper briefly reviews Robin Wall Kimmerer's 2000 article, "Native Knowledge for Native Ecosystems" and highlights the article's main points as well as how it approaches the broad concept of ethno-ecology. More importantly, the paper also touches upon how the article approaches the linkage of local and/or traditional knowledge of ecological systems with academic and/or scientific knowledge of those same systems. Finally, the paper discusses the significance of the aforementioned linkage as it pertains to the future of human beings in the global ecosystem.
From the Paper
"Simply put, Kimmerer's argument is that Native Americans intensively cultivated the land so that it would provide them with sufficient foodstuffs to brave the grueling winter months. While modern-day efforts to restore the ancient biological vitality and bio-diversity of the American woods and ecosystems is a laudable goal, it is not possible without also considering how the natives were able to so successfully manage the world around them. In effect, Kimmerer argues that modern-day conservationists must "heal" their relationship to the land and understand the land spiritually and emotionally as well as intellectually. Less abstractly, Kimmerer states that twenty-first century man must adopt the "site-specific" or "diachronic" knowledge which well-served Native Americans in the past and which lends itself to successful local site restoration. "
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Pontiac's Rebellion, 2007.
This paper describes the Native-American uprising against the British, 1763-1766.
2,247 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the 1763-1766 uprising of the Native-American forces who, led by Chief Pontiac, sought to prevent further British expansion. The paper describes the uprising in detail and how it led to the Proclamation Act of 1763 and to a temporary peace between the British and the Native-American populations. The paper discusses how although this peace was short-lived, the effects of Pontiac's rebellion were that Native-American peoples in North America discovered power in cooperation and a means to combat future British expansion.
From the Paper
"During the French and Indian War, which lasted from 1956 to 1963, the Indian tribes of the Ohio Valley in North America fought side by side with French soldiers to prevent British expansion across Pennsylvania. For the Native Americans, life under French rule had been relatively problem free, in that the Native Americans were in possession of their lands, and did not lose rights to resources, services, or cultural tradition. Their condition actually improved due to the additional services, tools, and resources provided by the French trading posts established in the region."
"However, at the close of the French and Indian war, and with the victory of the English, the Treaty of Paris in 1963 gave all French lands in North America to the British. Word quickly spread to the Ohio Valley that the tribes who had fought next to the French were now expected to turn their loyalties over to George III of Britain and fall under British rule. The Native Americans of the region feared British influence on traditional customs, and believed British settlers would quickly come to claim their lands across the Appalachian Mountains."
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Modern Chivalry, 2007.
This paper analyzes the work 'Modern Chivalry' by Hugh Henry Brackenridge, which presents a satire of colonial America.
910 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the writer studies 'Modern Chivalry' by Hugh Henry Brackenridge notes that the work, published in the 1790s, is over four volumes and features a satirical picture of American life. The writer explains that 'Modern Chivalry' is a commentary on American society, which through satire, demonstrates the positives and negatives of colonial America and what should be done to fix some of the ills. The writer further explains that the book is therefore a reflection of the values of America. The writer concludes that the work illustrates the danger of American society even though Brackenridge may claim to have written a book for purely entertainment value.
From the Paper
"Drawing on many truths, this work of satire became very popular particularly in the west which it satirizes. The story is dominated by a hero, a new Don Quixote, and his servant Teague who is like a Sancho Panzo. It is first and foremost a parody of the frontier, but speaks on much more the political landscape of early colonial America. Modern Chivalry can be seen as a work to show insight into America's system of representation. It is ultimately, a satire on numerous aspects of young America and thus reflects on the forces which from which it emerged, a society still in the youthful stages of a new form of government."
"Modern Chivalry's primary theme is one which was of great consequence to a young America as whole. In Colonial America, there was a question as to the common man could be an effective democratic citizen in a young and unique republic. According to Lukasik, it is this face of the republic that Brackenridge depicts meaning this piece of literature is in fact a product of the political forces of America."
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"Aunt Moon's Young Man", 2007.
A review of the book "Aunt Moon's Young Man" by Linda Hogan.
905 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how in her short story "Aunt Moon's Young Man", Linda Hogan captures some of the deepest and most fascinating aspects of her Native American culture, which make up most of the symbolism of the text. In particular, it looks at how Hogan emphasizes the differences between the Indian and the white cultures, using the imagery of windows and mirrors.
From the Paper
"First of all, the mirror and the window are symbols of the domination exercised by the white culture through reflection, that is, through the construction of identities for the other. Thus, the characters in the story seem to be separated in two sets as well, Bess and Isaac as the preservers of tradition, both through their gestures and through the ways in which they live their lives, and the other members of the community as representatives of the mixed culture which emerged under the influence of the white people. When the men and women in the tribe condemn the relationship between Aunt Moon and Isaac they become symbols of the white culture, which usually attributes fixed identities and codes for behavior for every member of society."
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"Survival to the Spirit", 2007.
This paper examines Henrietta Stockel's "Survival to the Spirit", which documents the terrible effects of White civilization upon the Chiricahua Apaches tribes.
844 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that Henrietta Stockel's book is both a history of the conflict between Whites and native peoples and a medical analysis of the history of disease and early American medicine. The paper explains the author's thesis that the Chiricahua Apaches tribes were destroyed by disease and cultural eradication by the American government. The paper portrays Stockel's idea removing a tribe from its native soul is not merely an act of injustice, or cultural violence, but also medical and biological cruelty.
From the Paper
"When detailing the terrible effects of White civilization upon the Chiricahua, Stockel connects the native susceptibility to disease from their original dwellings to their suffering from numerous maladies while imprisoned as what she calls captives of war of the American government. The book details a kind of fall from Eden for the Chiricahua, from their early roots and culture, closely connected to their native soil, to what transpired afterwards, after the military defeat of Geronimo. The first chapters of Stockel's book describe the Southwestern Chiricahua Apaches tribes and their traditions before they met the Anglos, focusing especially their mastery of natural medicines and herbs particular to the hot, dry regions where they lived."
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